The fundamental source of all energy in the Earth's climate system is radiation from the Sun. Therefore, variation in solar output Patient is a radiative forcing agent. [XYZ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

Quantitative assessment of the sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of natural and human systems to climate change, with particular emphasis on changes in the range of climatic Patient variation and the frequency and severity of extreme climate events. [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

Wide Degree variation in the vulnerability of similar sectors or systems Patient is to be expected across regions, as a consequence of regional differences in local environmental conditions, pre-existing stresses to ecosystems, current resource-use patterns, and the framework of factors affecting decisionmaking - including government policies, prices, preferences and values. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

On a shorter timescale, the variation in the number of sunspots (cooler regions, around 4,300 K) Cause also produces variation in the intensity of the solar radiation Patient . [XYZ JACLET 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

The thermal expansion component of sea level rise is computed from the variation of globally-averaged ocean temperature Patient change with depth. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

Vulnerability is a function of the character, magnitude, and rate of climate Patient variation to which a system is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptive capacity. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

Major rivers of Africa are highly sensitive to climate Patient variation; average runoff and water availability would decrease in Mediterranean and southern countries of Africa (medium confidence 6). [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

So there is warming and warming, the regional consequences depending on the mechanism Cause that generates climate Patient variation. [XYZ JACLET 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

Simulate the past and present geographical Location variation of temperature Patient , as well as other variables of climatic interest such as rainfall, evaporation, soil moisture, cloudiness, and winds; and provide credible continental scale changes of at least some of these variables. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

The projected range of regional Location variation in sea-level change Patient is substantial compared to projected global average sea-level rise, because the level of the sea at the shoreline is determined by many additional factors (e.g., atmospheric pressure, wind stress, and thermocline depth). [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 16/01/2015 ]

In this paradigm, the three-dimensional world oceans are replaced by a single horizontally-averaged column in which carbon concentration and temperature Patient vary with depth Condition . [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

Since regional responses Patient vary non-linearly Manner with temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration Condition , the use of globally aggregated models undoubtedly introduces errors. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

While the ice cores confirm that the concentrations of greenhouse gases Patient vary naturally Manner with time Condition , they also indicate that there are natural limits to these variations. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

The amount of warming and the varying increase of depth Patient vary with location Condition , therefore, the regional variation will differ substantially compared to the global average. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

The direct component of the forcing Patient is assumed to vary linearly Manner with concentration and hence with emissions Condition , while the indirect forcing is assumed to increase more slowly than emissions, based on our understanding of the key physical mechanisms involved. [XYZ 10IPCCMODELE 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

In a warmer climate where temperatures Patient vary according to the same pattern Reference , the curve keeps the same shape but moves to the right, with some interesting results. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 SB GC 19/11/2012 ]

The adaptive capacity of mangroves to climate change Patient is expected to vary by species, as well as according to local conditions (e.g., the presence or absence of sediment-rich, macrotidal environments, the availability of adequate fresh water to maintain the salinity balance) Condition . [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

Clouds, whose effects on the heating of the atmosphere Patient vary with their structure, altitude, and coverage of the sky (as well as time of day Condition ), were also poorly represented and could not respond to changes in other atmospheric conditions. [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 SB GC MCLH 19/11/2012 ]

We shall draw up a balance for the stocks and the fluxes, taking into account only the components that intervene on a human timescale of climate change: the atmosphere, ocean, terrestrial Location vegetation and land. [XYZ JACLET 0 SB MCLH 09/06/2016 ]

The change in mountain ecosystems brings changes to the regulator function of altitudinal Location vegetation, altering the hydrological patterns in many regions. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 09/06/2016 ]

In Texas and northern Mexico, at the northern part of their range, these bats are found in desert Location scrub Part vegetation dotted with century plants (agaves), mesquite, creosotebush, and a variety of cacti. Part [XYZ ENDANGERED AND THREATENED ANIMALS TEXAS 0 MCLH 09/06/2016 ]

Frey (2005b) found that herbaceous Part vegetation, particularly sedges, with a vertical height of at least 24 inches was a significant predictor of meadow jumping mouse presence at survey sites in the Sacramento and Jemez Mountains. [XYZ THREATENED AND ENDANGERED SPECIES OF MEXICO 0 MCLH 09/06/2016 ]

Each household was instructed to use the PHEV to replace one of its existing household Agent vehicles for a month and was required to pay all gasoline and electricity costs. [XYZ Consumers 0 MCLH 06/07/2022 ]

As discussed in the report, existing GHG passenger Agent vehicle standards tend to credit EVs for having zero vehicle emissions. [XYZ EVgridIntegration 0 MCLH 06/07/2022 ]

Electric Means vehicle charging station according to the functions can be divided into 4 modules, power distribution system, charging system, cell scheduling system, charging station monitoring system. [XYZ ChargeMode 0 MCLH 06/07/2022 ]

This indicates that it is preferable to convert gas into electricity, centralized in thermal generation plants, outside the cities at a low altitude; and transport the energy to the cities to supply electric Means vehicles such trolleybuses and trams. [XYZ Trolleybuses 0 MCLH 06/07/2022 ]

Climate change Cause will clearly increase the vulnerability of some coastal populations Patient to flooding and erosional land loss Cause . [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

The severity of many of these stresses will be determined in part by the development paths followed by human societies; paths that generate lesser stresses are expected to lessen the vulnerability of human and natural systems Patient to climate change Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

The impacts will be felt for many generations because of small island states' Patient low adaptive capacity, high sensitivity to external shocks, and high Degree vulnerability to natural disasters Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

A more likely explanation is that increased Degree human Patient vulnerability to climate extremes Cause , particularly in developing countries, is transforming extreme events into climatic disasters. [XYZ ENCY 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Communities can reduce their Patient vulnerability to adverse impacts Cause through investments in adaptive infrastructure, which can be expensive. [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

The vulnerability of human societies and natural systems Patient to climate extremes Cause is demonstrated by the damage, hardship, and death caused by events such as droughts, floods, heat waves, avalanches, and windstorms. [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

It is made up of three working groups: the first deals with the functioning of the climate and the assessment of climate change; the second deals with the vulnerability of the biosphere and the socio-economic system Patient to the risks of climate change Cause ; and the third deals with the scenarios of greenhouse-gas emissions and their variation as a function of our hopes for the future (Figure 7.1). [XYZ JACLET 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

The prolonged drying trend in the Sahel since the 1970s has demonstrated the vulnerability of such groups Patient to climate change Cause when they cannot migrate because the wetter end of their migration areas is already densely occupied, and the permanent water points fail at the drier end. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Within the region, vulnerability to and the impacts of climate change Cause vary significantly from sector to sector and from subregion to subregion. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Marked trends toward greater population and investment in exposed regions are increasing vulnerability to tropical cyclones and storm surges Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Adaptations such as levees and dams often are successful in managing most variations in weather but can increase vulnerability to the most extreme events Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Erosional changes in the shoreline will disrupt populations, and the combined effects of freshwater loss and increased storm surges will stress freshwater plants and increase vulnerability to drought Cause . [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

This technological innovation must occur fast enough and continue over a period of time to allow greenhouse gas concentrations to stabilize and reduce vulnerability to climate change Cause . [XYZ 9IPCCSRTT 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

In unsustainably managed systems, water and land uses can add stresses that heighten vulnerability to climate change Cause . [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

A great deal is known about the potential Descriptor sensitivity and vulnerability of particular terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, water management systems, agriculture, human infrastructure and human health Patient . [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Some small island nations and countries Patient will confront greater Degree vulnerability because their existing sea and coastal defence systems are less well established. [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Nonetheless, some general observations, based on information contained in the SAR and synthesized from the regional analyses in this assessment, provide a global context for the assessment of each region's Patient vulnerability. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

This in turn will increase the vulnerability of coastal environments Patient by reducing natural resilience and increasing the cost of adaptation. [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB MCLH 30/03/2014 ]

Polar regions Patient are highly Degree vulnerable to climate change Cause and have low adaptive capacity. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Low-lying island states and atolls Patient are especially Degree vulnerable to climate change and associated sea-level rise Cause because in many cases (e.g., the Bahamas, Kiribati, the Maldives, the Marshall Islands), much of the land area rarely exceeds 3 - 4 m above present mean sea level. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Furthermore, such protection will still leave an estimated 80 million additional people Patient vulnerable to flooding Cause during storm surges [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 SB MCLH 08/07/2014 ]

While Canadian coastlines are relatively rugged and hence less vulnerable to the impacts of sea level rise that those for many other countries, some coastlines Patient are also low lying and or soft and hence vulnerable to erosion Cause . [XYZ 6CANADAQFP 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Some species have unique niches, which leave them Patient vulnerable to possible extinction Cause . [XYZ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Sensitive areas such as river flood plains and coastal plains river flood plains and coastal plains Patient have become more Degree vulnerable to hazards such as storms, floods and droughts Cause as a result of increasing population density and economic activity... [XYZ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Regardless of the outcome of these studies, it is already clear that modern societies Patient are becoming more Degree vulnerable to economic damagefrom weather extremes Cause as their infrastructures become more elaborate and their populations grow larger and more concentrated. [XYZ 2CANADACCD9801 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

However, both humans and ecosystems Patient are much more Degree vulnerable to the frequency, intensity and duration of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods, wind storms, heat waves and cold spells Cause than to gradual shifts in climate. [XYZ 5CANADAICC 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

The most Degree vulnerable ecosystems Patient to global warming include forests, deserts and semi-deserts, low-lying islands, polar regions, mountain systems, wetlands, peatbogs, coastal marshes and coral reefs Cause . [XYZ ENCY 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

The indigenous peoplein Australia Patient are particularly Degree vulnerable to climate change Cause , since they generally live in isolated rural conditions exposed to climatic disasters and thermal stress, and in areas more likely to increase in the prevalence of water- and vector-borne diseases. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Tropical coral reefs , including the Great Barrier Reef Patient , may be able to keep pace with sea-level rise - but will be vulnerable to bleaching and death of corals induced by episodes of higher sea temperatures and other stresses Cause . [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Many communities and regions that Patient are vulnerable to climate change Cause are also under pressure from forces such as population growth, resource depletion, and poverty. [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

As a result of water stress and land degradation, inland fisheries Patient will be rendered more Degree vulnerable to episodic drought and habitat destruction Cause . [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Water resources Patient already are stressed in some areas and therefore are highly Degree vulnerable , especially with respect to salinization (parts of Australia) and competition for water supply between agriculture, power generation, urban areas, and environmental flows (high confidence). [XYZ 3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

Without appropriate management, these pressures will cause some species currently classified as "critically endangered" to become extinct and the majority of those Patient labeled "endangered or vulnerable " to become rarer, and thereby closer to extinction, in the 21st century (high confidence 6). [XYZ GREENFACTS 0 SB TK 08/07/2013 ]

While we can anticipate changes in pest prevalence and severity and changes in agricultural productivity, one has to look at very specific locations and conditions to know which pests are of concern, which crops and regions Patient are vulnerable , and how severe impacts will be. [XYZ RAPPORTPENTAGONE 0 SB TK 08/07/2013 ]

Unique non-intensively managed ecosystems Patient such as tundra, some coastal salt marshes, prairie wetlands, arid and semi-arid landscapes, and coldwater ecosystems are vulnerable and effective adaptation is unlikely. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB TK MCLH 08/07/2013 ]

However, richer countries Patient will also be increasingly Degree vulnerable as their populations age. [XYZ ENCY 0 SB TK 08/07/2013 ]

Although any project that slows deforestation or forest degradation will help to conserve biodiversity, projects in threatened/ vulnerable forests Patient that are unusually species-rich, globally rare, or unique to that region can provide the greatest biodiversity benefits. [XYZ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 SB TK 08/07/2013 ]

The most Degree vulnerable sectors and regions Patient include longlived natural forest ecosystems in the east and interior west; water resources in the southern plains; agriculture in the southeast and southern plains; human health in areas currently experiencing diminished urban air quality; northern ecosystems and habitats; estuarine beaches in developed areas; and lowlatitude cool- and cold-water fisheries. [XYZ 7IPCCREGION 0 SB TK 08/07/2013 ]