• Thus, biological diversity in nature reserves is under threat from rapid climate change.

• Wood and other biological products play several important roles in carbon mitigation: they act as a carbon reservoir; they can replace construction materials that require more fossil fuel input; and they can be burned in place of fossil fuels for renewable energy.

• Each biological species has a unique set of climatic and other limits within which it flourishes and beyond which it stagnates or dies.

• They also would have profound impacts on the biological production of oceans, including fish production.

• Increases in flow variability, particularly the frequency and duration of large floods and droughts, would tend to reduce water quality, biological productivity and habitat in streams.

• Available observational evidence indicates that regional changes in climate, particularly increases in temperature, have already affected a diverse set of physical and biological systems in many parts of the world.