The Technical Paper will specifically: (a) Present a tutorial on stabilization of greenhouse gases, the estimation of radiative forcing Patient , and the concept of "equivalent CO2" (the concentration of CO2 that leads to global mean radiative forcing consistent with projected increases in all gases when a suite of gases is being considered); [ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 ZJ 10/04/2014 ]

Estimation of the impact aerosols have on longer-term global climate change Patient however, is more complex and hence more uncertain than that due to the well-mixed greenhouse gases Manner . [ ENCY 0 ZJ MCLH 18/06/2014 ]

Prediction efforts on seasonal to interannual time scales require accurate estimates of the initial climate state with less focus extended to changes in external forcing12, whereas long-term climate projections rely more heavily on estimations of external forcing Patient with little reliance on the initial state of internal variability. [ WG1AR5AN 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

Accurate prediction of the outlet fluid temperature from the borehole is important for design purposes, building annual energy simulations and estimation of the heat pump energy consumption Patient . [ SALIMSHIRAZI 0 ZJ 10/04/2014 ]

Similar to the estimation of sea ice thickness from ice draft Patient , satellite measured freeboard (the height of sea ice above the water surface) is converted to thickness, assuming an average density of ice and snow. [ WG1AR5CX 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

Each of these scenarios is associated with an estimation of the greenhouse-gas and aerosol emissions Patient . [ JACLET 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

For the estimation of the grain size in poly-Si Patient it is considered that recombination takes place at the boundaries because the grains are almost free of other defects. [ HAJI 0 ZJ 10/04/2014 ]

Estimation of this CO2 source to the atmosphere Patient requires knowledge of changes in land area as well as estimates of the carbon stored per area before and after the land use change. [ WG1AR5FE 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

A simple Manner estimation of the free energy Patient permits such a conclusion. [ HAJI 0 ZJ 10/04/2014 ]

These limitations leave few alternatives to using long "control" simulations with coupled models Method for the estimation of internal climate variability Patient . [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 ZJ MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

Accurate simulation of the ocean in climate models Method is essential for the correct Manner estimation of transient ocean heat uptake and transient climate response, ocean CO2 uptake, sea level rise, and coupled climate modes such as ENSO Patient . [ WG1AR5JX 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

For the last twenty or so years, satellite measurements Method allow a much more precise estimation of the energy exchange at the top of the atmosphere Patient . [ JACLET 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]

Resource Patient estimation can be achieved through direct measurements of tidal elevations or current velocities Method . [ BAHAJ 0 ZJ 10/04/2014 ]

New quantitative data syntheses Method (Figure 5.6a) now allow estimation of maximum annual surface temperatures around the globe for the LIG Patient [ WG1AR5DX 0 MCLH 19/06/2014 ]