Because replacement species generally have lower global warming potentials11 (GWPs), and because total halocarbon emissions Patient have decreased , their combined CO2-equivalent (direct GWP-weighted) emission has been reduced. [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

As a result of the cooling effect and of reducing ODS concentrations, ozone Patient is likely to increase over much of the stratosphere, but could decrease in some regions, including the Arctic Location . [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Streamflow during seasonal low flow periods Patient would decrease in many areas Location due to greater evaporation Reason ; changes in precipitation may exacerbate or offset the effects of increased evaporation. [ CHANG_GREENFACTS 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

In the complete absence of emissions, the concentrations of these gases Patient would decrease , but at a slow rate that is determined by their atmospheric lifetimes of decades to centuries. [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Major rivers of Africa are highly sensitive to climate variation; average runoff and water availability Patient would decrease in Mediterranean and southern countriesof Africa Location (medium confidence 6). [5.1.1] . [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Human Settlements: Supply and demand for cooling water will change. Energy demand Patient may increase in summer (cooling) and decrease in winter(heating) Time , and peak energy demand will shift. [ CHANG_7IPCCREGION 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

In general, precipitation Patient is projected to increase in high-latitude and equatorial areas and decrease in the subtropics Location , with an increase in heavy precipitation events. [ CHANG_2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Figure 5: CGCM1 projects that sea ice cover in the Arctic Patient will decrease dramatically Degree by 2100 Time . [ CHANG_3CANADAENVIRON 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Climate models project that, during the coming decades, water resources will become more abundant across much of northern Canada. Furthermore, its presence as snow and ice Patient will decrease over time Time , being replaced by water in its liquid form. [ CHANG_5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

As temperatures rise, the extent of snow and sea ice cover in the Northern Hemisphere Patient will decrease . [ CHANG_5CANADAICC 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Simulations show that biosphere sinks Patient will decrease at low latitudes in America and Africa Location because of a lack of water due to an increase in evaporation, and will increase at high latitudes. [ CHANG_JACLET 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

The primary production Patient will decrease considerably Degree in the intertropical zone Location , while increasing in the polar regions, which are rich in nutrient salts. [ CHANG_JACLET 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

However, all models agree that the warming will be significant and likely unprecedented in human history, that continents will warm more than oceans, that high latitudes will warm more than low latitudes, that sea levels will rise, snow and sea ice extent and thickness Patient will decrease , and that there will be an increase in average global precipitation, accompanied by major changes in the distribution of precipitation. [ CHANG_6CANADAQFP 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Of particular importance are changes in the extent of highly reflective ice and snow cover; as climate warms, the area of ice and snow Patient will decrease , leading to greater absorption of solar energy and further warming. [ CHANG_10IPCCMODELE 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

In contrast, lower temperatures Cause could decrease ozone concentrations Patient at lower altitudes Location . [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 MEL TK 04/06/2012 ]

Increasing atmospheric concentrationsof CO2 Cause would decrease seawaterpH Patient . [ CHANG_2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Changing the aerosol forcing Cause would decrease or increase its relative importance Patient ; but this clearly would not affect the undoubted significance of non- CO2 greenhouse gases. [ CHANG_13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

In general, higher temperatures Cause would decrease the yields of cereal crops (such as wheat) Patient although the yield of crops such as potatoes and sugar beet would tend to increase. [ CHANG_ENCY 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Climate change Cause may decrease water availability Patient in some water stressed regions Location and increase it in others. [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

The projected climate change Cause could further decrease the streamflow and groundwater recharge Patient in many of these water-stressed countries Location - for example in central Asia, southern Africa, and countries around the Mediterranean Sea - but may increase it in some others. [ CHANG_GREENFACTS 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Future temperature changes related to GHG emissions Cause are expected to enhance stratospheric ozone depletion in some parts of the stratosphere and decrease it Patient in others Location [ CHANG_4IPCCSROCSPMTS 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

A shift from meat towards plant production for human food purposes, where feasible, Cause could increase energy efficiency and decrease GHG emissions (especially N2O and CH4 from the agricultural sector) Patient . [ CHANG_8IPCCATTENUATION 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Warmer winters and fewer cold spells Cause will decrease cold-related mortality Patient in many temperate countries(high confidence) Location . [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Climate change Cause will decrease air quality Patient in urban areas with air pollution problems (medium confidence) Location . [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

For some vector-borne diseases in some locations, climate change Cause will decrease transmission via reductions in rainfall or temperatures that are too high for transmission (medium confidence) Patient . [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

In addition to increasing tropospheric ozone concentrations, aircraft NOx emissions Cause are expected to decrease the concentration of methane, which is also a greenhouse gas Patient . [ CHANG_1IPCCAVIATION 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Activities and projects in the agricultural sector Cause to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sequestration can promote sustainable agriculture, promote rural development, and may enhance or decrease biodiversity Patient . [ CHANG_2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Regeneration techniques Cause can influence species composition, stocking, and density and can increase or decrease biodiversity Patient . [ CHANG_2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 04/06/2012 ]

Because mitigation costs depend on the difference between emissions consistent with a given stabilization target and some baseline, ignoring the ecological or marine feedbacks Cause can increase or decrease the emissions and mitigation costs associated with a stabilization level Patient . [ CHANG_13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

Different approaches have been proposed to address the duration of projects Method in relation to their ability to increase carbon stocks and decrease greenhouse gas emissions Patient , inter alia: [ CHANG_14IPCCSRL 0 TK MCLH 04/06/2012 ]

A decrease in return period for extreme precipitation events Patient and the possibility of more frequent floods in parts of India, Nepal, and Bangladesh Location is projected. [ CHANG_3IPCCCONSEQUENCE 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

A decrease in the total amount of rainfall Patient in arid and semi-arid areas Location could increase the total area of drylands worldwide, and thus the total amount of land potentially at risk from desertification. [ CHANG_ENCY 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

A general warming is expected to lead to an increase in the occurrence of extremely hot days and a decrease in the occurrence of extremely cold days Patient . [ CHANG_1IPCCAVIATION 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

Additionally, with increased evaporation due to higher temperatures, and increased regional populations, there will be a decrease in available water Patient , which is a major concern. It is projected that 3 billion additional people will be stressed by water shortages. [ CHANG_3CANADAENVIRON 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

The IPCC scenarios include the possibility of either increases or decreases in anthropogenic aerosols Patient , depending on the extent of fossil-fuel use and policies to abate sulfur emissions. [ CHANG_2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

The only exceptions are little to slight Degree decreases in precipitation Patient over the Prairies and over the eastern edgeof Baffin Island Location . [ CHANG_5CANADAICC 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

At the regional scale both increases and decreases in precipitation Patient are seen. [ CHANG_11IPCCBILAN2001 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

Various studies suggest that the combined effects of increased evaporation of surface water under warmer climates and altered precipitation patterns will likely cause summer meteorological droughts in the interior of southern Canada to become more frequent, more intense, and of longer duration. These will, in turn, result in intervals of very low streamflows and lake levels and depleted ground water resources. For larger water reservoirs, this is expected to lead to persistent Duration decreases in mean water levels Patient . [ CHANG_5CANADAICC 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

An increase in temperature, accompanied by decreases in soil moisture Patient , would lead to a substantial reduction in peat formation in Fennoscandian and northern Russian peatlands. [ CHANG_7IPCCREGION 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

Decreases in precipitation Patient in southern Europe Location would reduce crop yields and make irrigation an even larger competitor to domestic and industrial water use. [ CHANG_7IPCCREGION 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

Milder Arctic climates Cause brought substantial Degree decreases in sea ice cover Patient . [ CHANG_5CANADAICC 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]

In contrast to the long-lived greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosols are very short-lived in the atmosphere; hence, their radiative forcing Cause adjusts rapidly to increases or decreases in emissions Patient . [ CHANG_1IPCCAVIATION 0 TK 20/06/2012 ]