Changes in ranges and/or outbreak frequency have been projected for a number of injurious insect pests. These changes could lead to changes in the underlying structure and species composition of some forested areas Location with possible concomitant changes to biodiversity. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

However, rapid human population growth during the past few centuries has resulted in large-scale conversions of forested landscapes Location to agricultural, urban or other uses. [ 5CANADAICC 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Forests: Changes in temperature and water availability projected by general circulation models (GCMs) at equilibrium for doubled equivalent CO2 suggest that a substantial fraction (a global average of one-third, varying by region from one-seventh to two-thirds) of the existing forested area Location of the world will undergo major changes in broad vegetation types - with the greatest changes occurring in high latitudes and the least in the tropics. [ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

forested systems Location require longer periods than grassland systems to establish themselves and hence are less likely to be able to migrate to new locations with suitable conditions, as temperature and precipitation patterns shift; [ 13IPCCSTABILISATIONDESGAZ 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Potential impacts include northward shifts of forest and other vegetation types, which would affect biodiversity by altering habitats and would reduce the market and non-market goods and services they provide; declines in forest density and forested area Location in some subregions, but gains in others; [ 7IPCCREGION 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Forest regeneration includes practices such as changes in tree plant density through human-assisted natural regeneration, enrichment planting, reduced grazing of forested savannas Location , and changes in tree provenances/genetics or tree species. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Inundation and flooding of low-lying forested areas Location in islands will lead to the loss of some endemic bird species, as the majority of threatened bird species are found in forested habitats. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Afforestation is defined as the direct human-induced conversion of land that has not been forested for a period of at least 50 years to forested land Location through planting, seeding, and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Climate change may cause changes in the nature and extent of several disturbance factors (e.g., fire, insect outbreaks) in forested areas Location . [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Reforestation is defined as the direct human-induced conversion of non-forested land to forested land Location through planting, seeding, and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources on land that was forested but that has been converted to non-forested land. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Because of the projected rapid rate of change relative to the rate at which species can re-establish themselves, the isolation and fragmentation of many ecosystems, the existence of multiple stresses (e.g., land-use change, pollution) and limited adaptation options, ecosystems (especially forested systems Location , montane systems and coral reefs) are vulnerable to climate change. [ 7IPCCREGION 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Recreational activity associated with forests contributes to income and employment in every forested region of North America Location . [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]

Forested ecosystems Location will be affected by climate change directly and via interactions with other factors, such as land-use change. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 TK 09/07/2013 ]