This evidence is documented in the preceding sections of this chapter, including for near surface temperatures (Section 10.3.1.1), free atmosphere temperatures (Section 10.3.1.2), atmospheric moisture content (Section 10.3.2.1), precipitation over land Location (Section 10.3.2.2), ocean heat content (Section 10.4.1), ocean salinity (Section 10.4.2), sea level (Section 10.4.3), Arctic sea ice (Section 10.5.1), climate extremes (Section 10.6) and evidence from the last millenium (Section 10.7). [ WG1AR5LQ 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

By 2090, precipitation over most of Canada and northern Eurasia Location increases by 10 - 20 % , although in some regions, like northern Greenland and northern Siberia (which currently receive very little precipitation), it increases by up to 50 % . [ 1CANADACCD 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

For instance, evidence is most compelling for increases in heavy Degree precipitation in North America, Central America and Europe Location , but in some other regionsÑsuch as southern Australia and western AsiaÑthere is evidence of decreases. [ WG1AR5BS 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

Anthropogenic influences have contributed to observed increases in atmospheric moisture content in the atmosphere (medium confidence), to globalscale changes in precipitation patterns over land (medium confidence), to intensification of heavy Expanse precipitation over land regions where data are sufficient Location (medium confidence), and to changes in surface and sub-surface ocean salinity (very likely). [ WG1AR5AE 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

In Africa, monsoon circulation affects precipitation in West Africa where notable upper air flow reversals are observed Location . [ WG1AR5OV 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

Most climate models predict that global warming will reduce the amount of precipitation falling as snow Material in these regions Location , increasing the rate of water run-off and enhancing the likelihood of flooding. [ CHANG ENCY 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

Air is colder at higher altitudes, where precipitation may fall as snow rather than rain Material . [ ENCY 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]

Projected percent changes (relative to the 1981Ð2000 reference period in common with CMIP3) from the CMIP5 models in RX5day, the annual Time maximum Value five- day Duration precipitation accumulation. [ WG1AR5NK 0 MCLH 24/03/2014 ]