Many important elements of the climate system (e.g., clouds, land Support surface variations) have scales much smaller than this. [ 10IPCCMODELE 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

CGCM3 uses higher vertical and horizontal resolution, incorporates a new method for describing land Support surface processes (known as CLASS), and has improved descriptions of solar heating, surface topography, surface winds and pressure distribution, convective behaviour and heat transfer. It uses an advanced atmospheric model component. [ 3CANADAENVIRON 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

For climate simulation, the major components of the climate system must be represented in sub-models (atmosphere, ocean, land Support surface, cryosphere and biosphere), along with the processes that go on within and between them. [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

The mean distribution of plankton and marine productivity in the oceans in many regions could change during the 21st century with projected changes in sea Support surface temperature, wind speed, nutrient supply, and sunlight. [ 2IPCCBIODIVERSITE 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

Therefore, it is the atmosphere that should be cooler, with the ground Support surface 'retaining the right' to remain warmer, as it receives heat via solar radiation and the downwelling radiation from the atmosphere and clouds. [ JACLET 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

In particular, there is a need for improvement in how models deal with ocean circulation, the land Support surface, and biological and chemical processes. [ 4CANADAFACC 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

A simple land Support surface model that calculates runoff and soil moisture on the basis of the balance between precipitation, surface evaporation, and the water holding capacity of the soil. [ 5CANADAENVIRON 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]

Although many models show an El Niño-like change of the mean state of tropical Pacific sea Support surface temperatures, the cause is uncertain. [ 11IPCCBILAN2001 0 MCLH 28/03/2016 ]