• Estimates of the costs of running MPAs (in year 2000) for 53 countries jointly contributing 95% of the world marine fisheries catch, and estimates for the rest of the world (MPA costs are in US$·103; MPAcost = Fisheries Protection by MPA Cost Index; see text).

• This estimate is based on the number of fisheries certified so far and the MSC's estimated assessment costs for each fishery of between US$15,000 and US $120,000.

• In theory, increasing benefits would encourage fisheries stakeholders to progress along a performance standard.