• Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation or land surface change, industrial processes, etc., are increasing the concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere at an alarming rate.

• New, higher estimates of the emissions from anthropogenic sources (agriculture, biomass burning, industrial activities, and livestock management) of approximately 7 TgN/yr have brought the source/sink estimates closer in balance, compared with the SAR.

• CO2 is also emitted during certain industrial processes like cement manufacture or hydrogen production and during the combustion of biomass. Future emissions are also discussed in this section.